
An 1893 article by the critic Arsne Alexandre described the art of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec as “very spontaneous in its execution, yet very calculated in its conception.” Lautrec’s dazzling portrayals of Jane Avril contributed significantly to the reputation of the flamboyant dancer, who was nicknamed La Mlinite after a powerful explosive; she wrote in her memoirs: “It is more than certain that I owe him the fame that I enjoyed dating from his first poster of me.”
One of Lautrec’s posters of Avril, advertising an appearance at the Jardin de Paris, is among the most celebrated of all images of Paris’ famous dance halls. She is shown with her kicking right leg suspended in mid-air, her orange skirt billowing, her whole figure framed by the enlarged and distorted neck of a double bass in the foreground, as the hair of the musician playing it flies upward, as if carried away by the sheer energy of the enormous notes flowing across the sheet music visible just beyond his instrument. In a current exhibition at London’s Courtauld Gallery, a Lautrec gouache of Avril in precisely the same pose hangs beside the famous image — obviously a preparatory study for the poster, demonstrating clearly the truth of Alexandre’s claim that Lautrec’s art was “very calculated in its conception.” The nuanced colors and visible brushstrokes of the gouache disappear in the simplified image of the poster, which is characterized by the flat fields of color and strong, expressive lines that made Lautrec an early master of the fine art lithograph.
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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)
Jane Avril, 1899
Colour lithograph, 56 x 38 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Rosenwald Collection, 1953.6.137
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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)
Jane Avril, 1899
Colour lithograph, 56 x 38 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Rosenwald Collection, 1953.6.137
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The Courtauld exhibition, Toulouse-Lautrec and Jane Avril: Beyond the Moulin Rouge, has nine of Lautrec’s painted images of Avril, and another five prints. All of his portrayals of Avril emphasize the grace and fluidity of her willowy body, and the dramatic poses and colorful costumes that she used to show it to best